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Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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The impact of volume of dissolution medium for biopredictive dissolution/permeation studies of enabling formulations: A comparison of two brands of telmisartan / amlodipine tablets

A Comparison of Two Brands of Telmisartan / Amlodipine Tablets
Authors: Jonas Borregaard Eriksen; Johanna Milsmann; Martin Brandl; Annette Bauer-Brandl;

The impact of volume of dissolution medium for biopredictive dissolution/permeation studies of enabling formulations: A comparison of two brands of telmisartan / amlodipine tablets

Abstract

For compendial dissolution testing of solid dosage forms, media volumes of 500 to 900 mL are used in apparatus I and II to ensure sink conditions. However, these volumes are considerably larger than those in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the experiments are not biomimetic and possibly not suitable for biopredictive dissolution testing. The present study investigates the influence of volumes of dissolution media in non-compendial dissolution/permeation settings. Dissolution/permeation studies of two commercial bilayer tablets (Twynsta® and Arrow) containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients telmisartan (40 mg) and amlodipine (10 mg) were evaluated using the MacroFlux tool with various biomimetic media mimicking fasted and fed states as well as biological variability ("biorelevant"). Particularly, the two-stage dissolution process of telmisartan from the tablets is interesting because the compound has a pH-dependent solubility, and 2-stage dissolution leads to supersaturation and precipitation upon pH shift. For telmisartan, lower dissolution volumes significantly induced precipitation, leading to lower permeation, while no precipitation was observed in the larger volume. The permeation of telmisartan was overly sensitive to both pH and micelle concentrations in the biomimetic media. Amlodipine showed complete dissolution under any conditions, which correlates with its known complete absorption in vivo. In conclusion, volumes of dissolution media (and their compositions) are key parameters and play a significant role for designing relevant biomimetic experiments used to predict the bioavailability of supersaturating systems.

Keywords

Amlodipine/chemistry, Drug Compounding/methods, Highly pH dependent solubility, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Permeability, Biorelevant prediction, Drug Liberation, Chemistry, Drug Combinations, Solubility, Biomimetic media, Dissolution/permeation, Tablets/chemistry, Enabling formulation(s), Benzoates/chemistry, Telmisartan/chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods, Benzimidazoles/chemistry, Bilayer tablets

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
hybrid
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