Introduction: Shifting from static to dynamic balance can influence cognitive performance, particularly in tasks like mental rotation. Objective: This study investigates the impact of different postural balance conditions on visual spatial cognitive abilities, specifically mental rotation tasks involving rotated 3D cubes and human body images, in gymnasts, handball players, and video gamers under the age of twelve. Methodology: Fifty volunteers under the age of twelve (i.e., 12 gymnasts, 18 handball players, and 20 video gamers) participated in this study. The experiment involved mental rotation tasks (i.e., object-based 3D cube and human body conditions) under four different balance conditions: without balance, static balance, dynamic frontal balance, and dynamic sagittal balance, on a stabilometric platform. Cognitive performance was assessed by measuring response time and error rate, and postural control was evaluated using center of pressure (COP) sway, acceleration, and displacement. Results: The results revealed significant immediate beneficial effects of dynamic balance on cognitive tasks. Specifically, dual tasks enhanced performance in postural control and mental rotation tasks, with reduced response time and center of pressure sway (p<0.01). Discussion: Athletes demonstrated greater improvements compared to non-athletes, highlighting the positive effect of regular physical training involving postural control to enhance cognitive abilities. Conclusions: These results suggest that participation in sports during childhood enhances sensorimotor systems, neuromuscular control and balance, which are critical for maintaining stability and developing cognitive abilities. Integrating balance training and cognitive challenges into physical training may therefore optimize both cognitive and motor performance in young athletes.