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Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
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Freestyle Bioprosthetic Valves: Clinical Outcomes, Surgical Techniques, and Future Directions

Authors: Ermal Likaj; Alessia Mehmeti; Jacob Zeitani; Selman Dumani; Fjorba Mana; Aferdita Veseli; Esmerilda Bulku; +1 Authors

Freestyle Bioprosthetic Valves: Clinical Outcomes, Surgical Techniques, and Future Directions

Abstract

Introduction: The Freestyle® stentless porcine aortic root (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) has emerged as a valuable option for aortic valve replacement (AVR), offering superior hemodynamics compared to stented bioprostheses and eliminating the need for lifelong anticoagulation required with mechanical valves. Derived from a porcine aortic root, the Freestyle valve allows for versatile implantation techniques, including subcoronary, root inclusion, and full root replacement. While the Freestyle valve demonstrates excellent hemodynamics and benefits, as well as acceptable long-term survival, challenges remain regarding structural valve deterioration (SVD) in younger patients and technical complexities during implantation. These technical complexities include the need for precise surgical expertise, the stentless nature of the prosthesis, dense adhesions, and circumferential calcification of the porcine root. Emerging technologies, such as advanced anti-calcification treatments and tissue engineering, may further enhance its durability. In this article, we present two illustrative cases from our institution to highlight these challenges and discuss surgical strategies, as well as synthesize current evidence and discuss future directions for stentless bioprosthetic valves. Conclusion: The Medtronic Freestyle stentless bioprosthetic valve offers significant hemodynamic benefits and acceptable durability in appropriately selected patients. However, late failure of the Freestyle stentless aortic root bioprosthetic can present as catastrophic pseudoaneurysm formation or severe leaflet degeneration with rupture. Prosthesis excision requires complex surgical strategies, including the need for root replacement and tailored coronary reimplantation.

Keywords

bioprosthetic valve, structural valve deterioration, RD1-811, stentless valve, RC86-88.9, aortic valve replacement, Surgery, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Freestyle valve

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold