Altered adaptive but not veridical decision-making in substance dependent individuals
Copyright policy )Altered adaptive but not veridical decision-making in substance dependent individuals
Drug addiction is associated with impaired judgment in unstructured situations in which success depends on self-regulation of behavior according to internal goals (adaptive decision-making). However most executive measures are aimed at assessing decision-making in structured scenarios, in which success is determined by external criteria inherent to the situation (veridical decision-making). The aim of this study was to examine the performance of Substance Abusers (SA, n = 97) and Healthy Comparison participants (HC, n = 81) in two behavioral tasks that mimic the uncertainty inherent in real-life decision-making: the Cognitive Bias Task (CB) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) (administered only to SA). A related goal was to study the interdependence between performances on both tasks. We conducted univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to contrast the decision-making performance of both groups; and used correlation analyses to study the relationship between both tasks. SA showed a marked context-independent decision-making strategy on the CB's adaptive condition, but no differences were found on the veridical conditions in a subsample of SA (n = 34) and HC (n = 22). A high percentage of SA (75%) also showed impaired performance on the IGT. Both tasks were only correlated when no impaired participants were selected. Results indicate that SA show abnormal decision-making performance in unstructured situations, but not in veridical situations. (JINS, 2006, 12, 90–99.)
- University of Granada Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Spain
- New York University United States
- Wayne State College United States
- Wayne State University United States
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Substance-Related Disorders, Decision Making, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Risk-Taking::Gambling, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans, Cognition, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Sex Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease, Sex Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Adaptation, Psychological, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision Making, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female, Middle Aged, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male, Chronic Disease, Gambling, Female, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests, Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Substance-Related Disorders
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Substance-Related Disorders, Decision Making, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Risk-Taking::Gambling, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans, Cognition, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Sex Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease, Sex Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Adaptation, Psychological, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision Making, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female, Middle Aged, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male, Chronic Disease, Gambling, Female, Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological Tests, Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Substance-Related Disorders
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