The application features of pulsed electron beams with a wide electron kinetic energy spectrum for solving practical problems are considered on the example of wheat seed treatment. The influence of the dose depth distribution determined by the beam spectrum on the efficiency of its application is shown. For the ASTRA-M electron accelerator based on a pulse transformer, an operating mode has been found (accelerating voltage of 260 kV at 0.15 kGy) in which the beam energy is released mainly in the surface layer of biological materials. This leads to a sharp decrease in the degree of infection with Penicillium spp. fungi while maintaining seed germination.