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Socrates
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Use of Information from Electronic Media in Criminal Proceeding of Several European States: Comparative Legal Research

Authors: Skrypnyk, Andrii; Titko, Ivan;

Use of Information from Electronic Media in Criminal Proceeding of Several European States: Comparative Legal Research

Abstract

Investigation of criminal offenses is becoming increasingly associated with the use of information in electronic form. Electronic evidence becomes an integral part of the normative basis of criminal proceeding. The article is devoted to the comparative legal study of the use of information from electronic media in criminal proceeding of several European states. First, the experience of “classical” states of the continental legal system (France, Germany, and Italy) was highlighted. Further, the study of the Baltic region states experience was carried out in relation to each of the states not in isolation, but according to the most favorable structure for comparison. After that some general trends and the most striking problems with the subject were shown. General conclusions related both to signs of electronic evidence and to the most demanded procedural mechanisms for obtaining such data were made. Reglamentētie pierādījumu avoti un procesuālie rīki to saņemšanai vairs nevar ignorēt milzīgo elektronisko datu daudzumu, kas satur unikālu informāciju noziegumu atklāšanai. Tajā pašā laikā katra tiesību sistēma dažādos veidos pielāgojas mūsdienu apstākļiem. Ņemot vērā tiesību sistēmu elementu līdzību rumāņu-ģermāņu (kontinentālajā) juridiskajā saimē, tai piederošo valstu salīdzinošais juridiskais pētījums ir īpaši vērtīgs. Tāpēc salīdzinošajai juridiskajai analīzei tika izvēlētas sešu Eiropas valstu (Francijas, Vācijas Federatīvās Republikas, Itālijas, Igaunijas, Latvijas un Lietuvas) tiesību sistēmas. Ārvalstu pieredzes pētījums tika veikts noteiktā secībā: tiesiskais regulējums; elektronisko pierādījumu vieta pierādījumu avotu sistēmā; cilvēktiesību un brīvību ievērošanas problemātiskie jautājumi; publiskas un slepenas izmeklēšanas darbības, kas var sniegt elektronisku pierādījumu iegūšanu. Tika secināts, ka no elektroniskajiem plašsaziņas līdzekļiem iegūtās informācijas juridiskais statuss pierādījumu avotu sistēmā iepriekš minēto sešu valstu tiesību aktos ir atšķirīgs. No vienas puses, elektroniskie pierādījumi jau ir iekļauti kriminālprocesa sistēmā (ar visām no tā izrietošajām sekām – imunitātes izplatību, tiesiskajām garantijām utt.), kurai ir jāpielāgo tradicionālie noteikumi jauniem nosacījumiem. No otras puses, elektroniskajiem pierādījumiem ir sava specifika, kuras ignorēšana var atcelt to vākšanas rezultātus, kuriem savukārt ir nepieciešami jauni normatīvi. Tiek uzsvērts, ka, izstrādājot procesuālus mehānismus informācijas vākšanai elektroniskā formā, ir jāņem vērā abi aspekti. Nobeigumā tiek secināts, ka vienotu starptautisku procedūru trūkums rada problēmas, vācot elektroniskus pierādījumus no citu valstu teritorijas.

Keywords

electronic information, comparative criminal process, 340, сравнительный уголовный процесс, electronic evidence, investigative action, електронна інформація, elektroniskā informācija, salīdzinošais kriminālprocess, слідчі дії, электронная информация, investigative actions, електронні докази, izmeklēšanas darbības, elektroniskie pierādījumi, электронные доказательства, порівняльний кримінальний процес, следственные действия

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold