In the hybrid optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) architectures using different types of optical encoder/decoder (E/Ds) between an optical line terminal and optical network units, a hybrid 40G-OCDMA-PON with a single multi-port and super-structured fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG) E/Ds is studied as a candidate system beyond next-generation PON stage 2 (NG-PON2). In this paper, we have developed uniformed and sampled SSFBG E/Ds with different refractive index profiles and have compared their code performances in a hybrid 40G-OCDMA-PON system. The experimental results show that the sampled profile improves the code dependent performances presented in many OCDMA systems. We have also demonstrated a full-duplex 4-user × 40 Gb/s hybrid OCDMA-PON system by applying the sampled SSFBG E/Ds. An asynchronous full-duplex 50 km transmission with a total capacity of 160 Gb/s (4-user × 40 Gb/s) has been achieved for the first time. Furthermore, we focus on major requirements in NG-PON2 and discuss several issues to introduce the hybrid 40G-OCDMA-PON for optical access networks.