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Journal of Mathematical Sociology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2023
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
DBLP
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Calling the dead: resilience in the WTC communication networks

Authors: Selena M. Livas; Scott Leo Renshaw; Carter T. Butts;

Calling the dead: resilience in the WTC communication networks

Abstract

Organizations in emergency settings must cope with various sources of disruption, most notably personnel loss. Death, incapacitation, or isolation of individuals within an organizational communication network can impair information passing, coordination, and connectivity, and may drive maladaptive responses such as repeated attempts to contact lost personnel (``calling the dead'') that themselves consume scarce resources. At the same time, organizations may respond to such disruption by reorganizing to restore function, a behavior that is fundamental to organizational resilience. Here, we use empirically calibrated models of communication for 17 groups of responders to the World Trade Center Disaster to examine the impact of exogenous removal of personnel on communication activity and network resilience. We find that removal of high-degree personnel and those in institutionally coordinative roles is particularly damaging to these organizations, with specialist responders being slower to adapt to losses. However, all organizations show adaptations to disruption, in some cases becoming better connected and making more complete use of personnel relative to control after experiencing losses.

Keywords

Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO), Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid