Lossy compression causes the degradation of the classification accuracy of remote sensing (RS) images due to the introduced distortion by compression. In this letter, a convolutional sparse coding (CSC)-based method is proposed to quantitatively measure such an effect. In detail, the filters used in CSC are learned by online convolutional dictionary learning (OCDL) to construct the dictionary. Thereafter, the sparse coefficient maps are obtained based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. In addition, multiple kernel learning (MKL) is used to estimate the corresponding classification accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that our method performs better in predicting the classification accuracy of RS images compared with the other state-of-the-art algorithms.