This paper presents the results of the aqueous extracts analysis of Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia armeniaca Lam. and Artemisia latifolia Ledeb. performed by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The study used plant material collected on the territory of the Voronezh Region. As a result of the analysis, a wide range of organic substances belonging to different classes was found in the plant raw materials of the studied species. The dominant component of the aqueous extracts of all three types is laminitol, a significant components in the extraction of A. absinthium is maltose, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl)-cyclohexane-1-methanol, herniarin, durenol, esculin, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid is dominated in A. armeniaca extract, and A. latifolia extract has 15-deoxispergualin, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, 3-methylacetate-butanol. Aqueous extracts of A. armeniaca contain such biologically active substances as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, esculin and apiol, extracts of A. latifolia - 15-deoxyspergualin; laminitol and syringol (identified in A. absinthium and A. armeniaca) also belong to them. This study confirms the prospects for the medical use of A. armeniaca and A. latifolia, a further direction of research could be the evaluation of bactericidal and fungicidal, as well as, antiproliferative effects of they extracts, as well as their individual components.