The most dangerous pest for coniferous trees, by right, can be called pine sawflies of the genera Diprion, Neodiprion and Gilpinia (Diprionidae) – insects that can cause tremendous harm to plants or even destroy them. Scots pines suffer the most from the pest, especially at the age of 20–40, however, ornamental plant species are often subject to mass attack by insects. The review article presents mechanical, biological and chemical methods of combating pine sawflies, the main part of the review is devoted to the use of the sex pheromone of males of these pests, namely, identification methods (isolation, physicochemical methods of analysis, electrophysiological experiments and field tests) of pine sawfly pheromone, stereoisomeric 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-1-ol (diprionol) acetate and propionate, and presents a list of publications on known syntheses of their racemic compounds forms, methods for controlling insect pests are described and all known chemical syntheses of possible stereomers of diprionol and its esters are presented individually or in a mixture with various degrees of optical purity. The review includes the following chapters: Introduction; The structure of the pine sawfly pheromone and its biological activity; Synthesis of stereoisomers of pine sawfly pheromone; Conclusion. The review includes 93 literature references.