descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 01 Jan 2022 English Publisher:Walter de Gruyter GmbHJournal:Nonlinear Engineering, volume 11, pages 693-710 (eissn: 2192-8029,

Authors: Lindh, Per; Lemenkova, Polina;

doi: 10.1515/nleng-2022-0269 , 10.5281/zenodo.7512593 , 10.5281/zenodo.7512592

handle: 11585/967833 , 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/353955

Shear bond and compressive strength of clay stabilised with lime/cement jet grouting and deep mixing: A case of Norvik, Nynäshamn

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Abstract

Abstract The strength of soil can significantly increase by stabilisation with binders. Adding binders in correct proportions to improve soil parameters is of paramount importance for earthworks. In this article, we presented a framework to explore strength characteristics of soil stabilised by several binders and evaluated using applied geophysical methods by estimated P-wave velocities. The core of our work is a systematic assessment of the effects on clay stabilisation from various binders on shear and compressive strength. The binders were combined from four stabilising agents: (i) CEM II/A, a Portland limestone cement; (ii) burnt lime; (iii) lime kiln dust (LKD) limited up to 50%; and (iv) cement kiln dust (CKD). Shear strength has shown a nonlinear dependence as an exponential curve with P-waves. Natural frequency analysis was modelled to simulate resonant frequencies as eigen values. Variations in strength proved that CEM II/A-M (Recipe A, 100% CEM II) has the best performance for weak soil stabilisation followed by the combinations: Recipe B (70% CEM II/A-M, 30% LKD), Recipe C with added 80% CEM II/A-M and 20% CKD, and Recipe D (70% CEM II/A-M 30% CKD). Recipe B has shown high values with maximum uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) at 13.8 MPa. The Recipe C was less effective with the highest value of UCS as 8.8 MPa. The least strength was shown in Recipe D, where UCS has maximal values of 3.7 MPa. The specimens stabilised by Recipe B demonstrated the highest P-wave velocity at 2,350 m/s, while Recipe C and Recipe D showed the highest P-wave velocity at 1,900 and 1,550 m/s. All specimens shown a gain of UCS with sharply increased P-wave speed during the 3 days of curing. The study contributes to the development of methods of soil testing in civil engineering.

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Keywords

[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Résistance et comportement des matériaux, materials science, engineering, Matériaux céramiques et poudres, [SPI.GCIV.STRUCT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Structures, data analysis, rupture matériaux, Simulation Methods, civil engineering; foundation; soil stabilisation, [SPI.GCIV.CD] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Contrôle des matériaux, Q00, materials, 81.40.ef, building, 62.20.qp, C15, Methodological Issues: General, Energy, Géologie et minéralogie, Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation, 83.50.xa, Bodenfundament, C18, Mathematical Methods, Y10, Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Q55, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Bodenstabilisierung, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Disciplines auxiliaires de l'ingénieur, mechanical engineering, Stabilité des constructions [construction de bâtiments], civil engineering foundation soil stabilisation, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, TA1-2040, [INFO.INFO-AU] Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Sciences exactes et naturelles, cement, construction, Earth science, Computer Programs: Other Computer Software, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Computer Programs: General, Mécanique des sols, Déformation, Environment, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Sciences de l'ingénieur, foundation, Environmental and Ecological Economics: General, Data: Tables and Charts, 81.40.cd, 62.20.m, Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology, Physique interne des matériaux, Géologie, 92.40.lg, 45.70.mg, soil stabilisation, [SPI.ACOU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Résistance des matériaux, Bauingenieurwesen, P18, Sampling Methods, Stabilité des constructions [construction génie civil], Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General, cementitious materials, C83, 81.40.lm, Survey Methods, Computer Programs: Other, Matériaux composites, C80, Connaissance des matériaux, C02, [SPI.GCIV] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, soils and foundations, [INFO.INFO-IR] Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], data science, C42, [SPI.GCIV.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Matériaux composites et construction, C88, C00, civil engineering, C89

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