Introduction: Buffalo/Mna rats spontaneously develop nephrotic syndrome (NS) which recurs after renal transplantation. The immunosuppressive drug LF15-0195 can promote regression of the initial and post-transplantation nephropathy via induction of regulatory T cells. We investigate if this drug has an additional effect on the expression and localization of podocyte specific proteins. Methods: Buffalo/Mna kidney samples were collected before and after the occurrence of proteinuria, and after the remission of proteinuria induced by LF15-0195 treatment and compared by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, electron, and confocal microscopy to kidney samples of age-matched healthy rats. Cytoskeleton changes were assessed in culture by stress fibers induction by TNFα. Results: We observed, by electron microscopy, a restoration of foot process architecture in the LF15-0195-treated Buff/Mna kidneys, consistent with proteinuria remission. Nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, and α-actinin-4 mRNA levels remained low during the active disease in the Buff/Mna, in comparison with healthy rats which increase, while podocalyxin and synaptopodin transcripts were elevated before the occurrence of the disease but did not differ from healthy animals after. No difference in the mRNA and protein expression between the untreated and the LF15-0195-treated proteinuric Buff/Mna were seen for these 6 proteins. No changes were observed by confocal microscopy in the protein distribution at a cellular level, but a more homogenous distribution similar to healthy rats, was observed within the glomeruli of LF15-0195-treated rats. In addition, LF15-0195 could partially restore actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells in TNFα-induced-cell stress experiment. Conclusion: The effect of LF15-0195 treatment appears to be mediated by 2 mechanisms: an immunomodulatory effect via regulatory T cells induction, described in our previous work and which can act on immune cell involved in the disease pathogenesis, and an effect on the restoration of podocyte cytoskeleton, independent of expression levels of the proteins involved in the slit diaphragm and podocyte function, showed in this article.