<i>Background and Aims:</i> A recent placebo-controlled trial showed that rebamipide, which is a mucosal-protective antiulcer agent, promoted gastric ulcer healing without affecting the <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> status. We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to compare the healing effects of rebamipide and the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole in <i>H. pylori</i>-positive gastric ulcers after <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy. <i>Methods:</i> After completion of 1 week of eradication therapy, 132 patients with <i>H. pylori</i>-positive gastric ulcer were enrolled in 5 Chinese and 4 Korean institutions. Patients were randomly assigned to take either 20 mg of omeprazole (n = 63) or 300 mg of rebamipide (n = 65) daily for 7 weeks. Healing was defined as complete recovery and S1 and S2 stage ulcer according to the Sakita-Miwa classification. <i>Results:</i> Healing rates at 12 weeks were 81.5% (53/65) and 82.5% (52/63) in the rebamipide and omeprazole groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy, as evidenced by gastric ulcer healing rates (absolute difference –1.0%; 95% confidence interval –10.7 to 8.7; p = 0.88). The <i>H. pylori</i> eradication rate and ulcer healing rate did not differ between the groups, the latter regardless of eradication outcome. <i>Conclusions:</i> Rebamipide is as effective as omeprazole in treating of <i>H. pylori</i>-positive gastric ulcer after eradication therapy.