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Ars & Humanitas
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Ars & Humanitas
Article . 2025
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Domoljubje in državljansko 'prijateljstvo'

Authors: Friderik Klampfer;

Domoljubje in državljansko 'prijateljstvo'

Abstract

John Rawls je v Teoriji pravičnosti približno takole povezal moralno poljubnost in nezasluženost: če si ne morem lastiti zaslug za določeno svojo lastnost, potem tudi nisem (bolj kot drugi) moralno upravičen do koristi, ki izvirajo iz njenega imetja. Državljanstvo se tipično podeljuje na podlagi določil, ki so v zgornjem pomenu moralno poljubna, najpogosteje kraja rojstva oz. državljanstva staršev. In čeravno je torej državljanstvo (točno določene države) v zgornjem pomenu besede moralno nezasluženo, le redki teoretiki problematizirajo nacionalno zakonodajo in ukrepe oblasti, ki sistematično favorizirajo domačine pred tujci oz. lastne državljane pred državljani drugih držav. V pričujočem članku kritično obravnavam poskuse, da bi po zgledu prijateljstva, kjer pristranskost po splošnem mnenju ne le, da ni moralno problematična, temveč velja za prototip moralno vzornega medčloveškega razmerja, tudi domoljubje utemeljili na vzajemni skrbi in spoštovanju med sodržavljani. Če lahko namreč prijateljstvo generira medsebojne obveznosti in moralne razloge za delovanje, čeprav je izbira prijateljev v osnovi moralno poljubna, zakaj ne bi tudi v domoljubu videli človeka, ki – vsaj v političnih skupnostih, urejenih po demokratičnih načelih – v nekem smislu prijateljuje z vsemi svojimi sodržavljani in ima zato določene obveznosti izključno ali vsaj prvenstveno do njih? Toda že po nekoliko temeljitejši analizi normativne podstati običajnega, medosebnega prijateljstva se tovrstno 'državljansko prijateljstvo' celo v moralno idealiziranih političnih tvorbah izkaže za potencialno nevarno teoretsko utvaro. Lahko si, skratka, oddahnemo, ne bo nam treba po vsej sili 'prijateljevati' z neznanci in političnimi eksoti.

Keywords

pravičnost, AZ20-999, prijateljstvo, moralna naključnost, državljanstvo, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Literature (General), PN1-6790, domoljubje, Sibyl Schwarzenbach

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Published in a Diamond OA journal