Sex differences in trajectories of cortical development in autistic children from 2–13 years of age
Copyright policy )Sex differences in trajectories of cortical development in autistic children from 2–13 years of age
AbstractPrevious studies have reported alterations in cortical thickness in autism. However, few have included enough autistic females to determine if there are sex specific differences in cortical structure in autism. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate autistic sex differences in cortical thickness and trajectory of cortical thinning across childhood. Participants included 290 autistic (88 females) and 139 nonautistic (60 females) individuals assessed at up to 4 timepoints spanning ~2–13 years of age (918 total MRI timepoints). Estimates of cortical thickness in early and late childhood as well as the trajectory of cortical thinning were modeled using spatiotemporal linear mixed effects models of age-by-sex-by-diagnosis. Additionally, the spatial correspondence between cortical maps of sex-by-diagnosis differences and neurotypical sex differences were evaluated. Relative to their nonautistic peers, autistic females had more extensive cortical differences than autistic males. These differences involved multiple functional networks, and were mainly characterized by thicker cortex at ~3 years of age and faster cortical thinning in autistic females. Cortical regions in which autistic alterations were different between the sexes significantly overlapped with regions that differed by sex in neurotypical development. Autistic females and males demonstrated some shared differences in cortical thickness and rate of cortical thinning across childhood relative to their nonautistic peers, however these areas were relatively small compared to the widespread differences observed across the sexes. These results support evidence of sex-specific neurobiology in autism and suggest that processes that regulate sex differentiation in the neurotypical brain contribute to sex differences in the etiology of autism.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh), Male, Women's Health (rcdc), physiopathology [Autism Spectrum Disorder], Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, Biological Psychology, 150, Clinical sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences (for), Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Research (rcdc), Preschool (mesh), methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], Brain Disorders (rcdc), Autism (rcdc), diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Cortex], Psychology, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) (rcdc), Longitudinal Studies, Male (mesh), Child, Neurosciences (rcdc), Pediatric, Psychiatry, Cerebral Cortex, Humans (mesh), Sex Characteristics, Autism Spectrum Disorder (mesh), 52 Psychology (for-2020), Clinical and Health Psychology, Biological Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, physiopathology [Autistic Disorder], 06 Biological Sciences (for), Mental Health, Child, Preschool, 5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020), 5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020), Female, Mental Health (rcdc), Adolescent, /692/699/476/1373 ; Adolescent [MeSH] ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology [MeSH] ; Female [MeSH] ; /59/57 ; Autistic Disorder/physiopathology [MeSH] ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology [MeSH] ; Humans [MeSH] ; Longitudinal Studies [MeSH] ; Brain Cortical Thickness [MeSH] ; Article ; Male [MeSH] ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging [MeSH] ; Autistic Disorder/pathology [MeSH] ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods [MeSH] ; Sex Characteristics [MeSH] ; Child [MeSH] ; Sex Factors [MeSH] ; /631/378 ; article ; Child, Preschool [MeSH] ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology [MeSH], Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Child (mesh), 610, Psychiatry (science-metrix), pathology [Autism Spectrum Disorder], Sex Characteristics (mesh), Article, Sex Factors, Clinical Research, Humans, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for), Autistic Disorder, Preschool, Pediatric (rcdc), Autistic Disorder (mesh), Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, Adolescent (mesh), 3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020), Brain Cortical Thickness, Longitudinal Studies (mesh), Brain Disorders, Mental health (hrcs-hc), 5202 Biological psychology (for-2020), Female (mesh), pathology [Autistic Disorder], 5203 Clinical and Health Psychology (for-2020), Cerebral Cortex (mesh), Women's Health, Brain Cortical Thickness (mesh), pathology [Cerebral Cortex], Sex Factors (mesh), ddc: ddc:610
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mesh), Male, Women's Health (rcdc), physiopathology [Autism Spectrum Disorder], Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, Biological Psychology, 150, Clinical sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences (for), Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Research (rcdc), Preschool (mesh), methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], Brain Disorders (rcdc), Autism (rcdc), diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Cortex], Psychology, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) (rcdc), Longitudinal Studies, Male (mesh), Child, Neurosciences (rcdc), Pediatric, Psychiatry, Cerebral Cortex, Humans (mesh), Sex Characteristics, Autism Spectrum Disorder (mesh), 52 Psychology (for-2020), Clinical and Health Psychology, Biological Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, physiopathology [Autistic Disorder], 06 Biological Sciences (for), Mental Health, Child, Preschool, 5202 Biological Psychology (for-2020), 5203 Clinical and health psychology (for-2020), Female, Mental Health (rcdc), Adolescent, /692/699/476/1373 ; Adolescent [MeSH] ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology [MeSH] ; Female [MeSH] ; /59/57 ; Autistic Disorder/physiopathology [MeSH] ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology [MeSH] ; Humans [MeSH] ; Longitudinal Studies [MeSH] ; Brain Cortical Thickness [MeSH] ; Article ; Male [MeSH] ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging [MeSH] ; Autistic Disorder/pathology [MeSH] ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods [MeSH] ; Sex Characteristics [MeSH] ; Child [MeSH] ; Sex Factors [MeSH] ; /631/378 ; article ; Child, Preschool [MeSH] ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology [MeSH], Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Child (mesh), 610, Psychiatry (science-metrix), pathology [Autism Spectrum Disorder], Sex Characteristics (mesh), Article, Sex Factors, Clinical Research, Humans, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (for), Autistic Disorder, Preschool, Pediatric (rcdc), Autistic Disorder (mesh), Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, Adolescent (mesh), 3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020), Brain Cortical Thickness, Longitudinal Studies (mesh), Brain Disorders, Mental health (hrcs-hc), 5202 Biological psychology (for-2020), Female (mesh), pathology [Autistic Disorder], 5203 Clinical and Health Psychology (for-2020), Cerebral Cortex (mesh), Women's Health, Brain Cortical Thickness (mesh), pathology [Cerebral Cortex], Sex Factors (mesh), ddc: ddc:610
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).12 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!