This article explores mathematical modeling strategies aimed at developing advanced stabilization techniques for fiber-optic sensors (FOS) used in space infrastructure. These sensors operate in extreme environments characterized by significant temperature fluctuations, high radiation exposure, and continuous mechanical vibrations, all of which can impact their performance. To address these challenges, this study proposes protective solutions, optimized design enhancements, and the integration of new system components to improve sensor durability and measurement precision. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of these solutions in maintaining sensor functionality during long-duration space missions. Additionally, the improved monitoring and control methodologies developed in this research contribute to enhanced operational efficiency and long-term sustainability in space applications. Beyond aerospace, these techniques are also applicable to harsh environments such as deep-sea exploration and underground mining, where extreme conditions demand highly resilient sensing technologies. The continued evolution of fiber-optic technologies supports the advancement of sensor systems across a wide range of industrial and scientific applications.