
Many of the most effective function optimization algorithms require the gradient of the function to be optimized. In many cases of practical interest the gradient is not available in closed form and must be approximated numerically, finite differences being the most frequent approach. This note suggests a number of reasonableness tests which can be performed on the gradient vector to aid the user in identifying the erroneous problem formulations and poor problem scaling.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
