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Expert Systems with Applications
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2021
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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Deep graph convolutional reinforcement learning for financial portfolio management – DeepPocket

Authors: Soleymani, Farzan; Paquet, Eric;

Deep graph convolutional reinforcement learning for financial portfolio management – DeepPocket

Abstract

Portfolio management aims at maximizing the return on investment while minimizing risk by continuously reallocating the assets forming the portfolio. These assets are not independent but correlated during a short time period. A graph convolutional reinforcement learning framework called DeepPocket is proposed whose objective is to exploit the time-varying interrelations between financial instruments. These interrelations are represented by a graph whose nodes correspond to the financial instruments while the edges correspond to a pair-wise correlation function in between assets. DeepPocket consists of a restricted, stacked autoencoder for feature extraction, a convolutional network to collect underlying local information shared among financial instruments, and an actor-critic reinforcement learning agent. The actor-critic structure contains two convolutional networks in which the actor learns and enforces an investment policy which is, in turn, evaluated by the critic in order to determine the best course of action by constantly reallocating the various portfolio assets to optimize the expected return on investment. The agent is initially trained offline with online stochastic batching on historical data. As new data become available, it is trained online with a passive concept drift approach to handle unexpected changes in their distributions. DeepPocket is evaluated against five real-life datasets over three distinct investment periods, including during the Covid-19 crisis, and clearly outperformed market indexes.

Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, deep reinforcement learning, online learning, Computational Finance (q-fin.CP), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE), FOS: Economics and business, Quantitative Finance - Computational Finance, graph convolutional network, portfolio management, actor-critic, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, restricted stacked autoencoder

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
58
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
Green
bronze