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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Computers & Operatio...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Computers & Operations Research
Article . 1982 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
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A linear two-level programming problem

Authors: Wilfred Candler; Robert Townsley;

A linear two-level programming problem

Abstract

Multi-level programming, as defined in this paper, refers to a problem situation wherein outer decision makers affect the solution space of inner decision makers within a strictly hierarchical structure. The problem corresponds to a primordial economic policy problem since: (i) higher level decision makers have direct control of some variables (the policy variables), but not all variables; (ii) lower level decision makers have direct control of other variables (the behavioural variables), which are manipulated in the light of the levels of the policy variables; and (iii) the higher level decision makers wish to influence a third set of impact variables which are frequently not under the direct control of either decision making group. This problem structure contrasts markedly with mathematical programming, where all variables are under direct control of one decision maker. After a review of the geometry of the multiple-level programming problem, this paper includes a discussion of algorithmic principles, presentation of and comments on an algorithm which allows an implicit search of policies which affect resource availabilities for the behavioural problem, and a numerical example.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
276
Top 1%
Top 1%
Average
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