BACKGROUNDIn vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been reported, but the collection of 1 × 105 to 1 × 106 CD34+ cells present in cord and peripheral blood is too small for expansion to 1 × 1012 cells in 1 unit of RBCs. We transduced JAK2V617F gene, the most common mutation with polycythemia vera (PV), into cord blood–derived CD34+ cells. This PV model was expected to increase cell proliferation without the addition of erythropoietin (EPO) in early phase of differentiation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSEmpty vector (control), wild‐type JAK2 (wJAK2), and mutant JAK2V617F (mJAK2) were transduced into CD34+ cells using a lentivirus system. The CD34+ cells were then differentiated to the RBCs in a culture system. The cells were analyzed for cell number, differential count, and morphologic changes. Cultured RBCs were tested for oxygen equilibrium.RESULTSwJAK2‐ and mJAK2‐transduced cells showed higher proliferation capacity until Day 21 than control cells; interestingly, only mJAK2‐transduced cells were highly increased on Day 7 during EPO‐free culture. However, both wJAK2‐ and mJAK2‐tranduced cells had more delayed differentiation than control, but they had a higher portion of completely matured RBCs and orthochromatic erythroblasts. Furthermore, mJAK2‐tranduced cells showed more differentiation into RBCs than wJAK2‐transduced cells and they had a normal hemoglobin dissociation curve.CONCLUSIONThis is the first trial to use a PV erythropoiesis model for RBC differentiation from stem cells. The transduction of HSCs with mJAK2 increased their proliferation capacity in EPO‐free culture conditions. This model may also be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of PV.