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Ускоренная ползучесть как предвестник фрикционной неустойчивости и проблема предсказания землетрясений

Accelerated creep as a precursor of friction instability and earthquake prediction
Authors: Grzemba, B.; Starcevic, J.; Fabry, C.;

Ускоренная ползучесть как предвестник фрикционной неустойчивости и проблема предсказания землетрясений

Abstract

Землетрясения могут рассматриваться как результат трибологической неустойчивости в системе разломов земной коры. Аналогичные неустойчивости могут быть воспроизведены и подробно изучены в лабораторных условиях. В данной работе в качестве модели землетрясения изучается трибосистема с выраженным неустойчивым проскальзыванием. Измерение ее движения с разрешением 8 нм показывает, что в течение всей стадии «схватывания» на самом деле наблюдается медленная ползучесть, ускоряющаяся при приближении к точке неустойчивости. Это движение достаточно регулярно, чтобы служить основой для предсказания момента неустойчивости. Показано, что движение тела как на стадии медленного крипа, так и на стадии быстрого проскальзывания может быть хорошо описано с помощью закона трения Дитериха, учитывающего зависимость трения от скорости и внутренней переменной состояния, если его дополнить вкладом, связанным с локальной жесткостью контакта. В непосредственной близости от точки неустойчивости наблюдается универсальное поведение, позволяющее на основании наблюдения крипа с высокой точностью предсказать момент времени начала неустойчивого скольжения.

Earthquakes can be considered as a result of tribological instability in a system of faults of the Earth crust. Similar instabilities can be reproduced and studied in detail in laboratory-scale experiments. In this work, the earthquake model under study is a tribosystem with pronounced unstable stick-slip. Measurement of the motion of the system with a resolution of 8 nm shows that slow creep accelerated as the instability point is approached is actually observed throughout the stick stage. This motion is regular enough to serve as a basis for prediction of the onset of instability. It is shown that the motion of a solid both at the stage of slow creep and at that of fast slip is well described by the Dieterich friction law, which takes into account the dependence of friction on rate and internal state variable, if we supplement it with the contribution of local contact rigidity. In the immediate vicinity of the instability point a universal behavior is observed making possible highly accurate prediction of the onset of unstable slip from creep observationds.

Keywords

ПЕРЕМЕННАЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ, STATIC FRICTION, EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION, STATE VARIABLE, ТРЕНИЕ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ, НЕУСТОЙЧИВОЕ ПРОСКАЛЬЗЫВАНИЕ, SLIDING FRICTION, ПРЕДСКАЗАНИЕ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ, CREEP, ТРЕНИЕ ПОКОЯ, UNSTABLE SLIP, ТРЕНИЕ ПОКОЯ, ТРЕНИЕ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ, ПОЛЗУЧЕСТЬ, НЕУСТОЙЧИВОЕ ПРОСКАЛЬЗЫВАНИЕ, ПЕРЕМЕННАЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ, ПРЕДСКАЗАНИЕ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ, ПОЛЗУЧЕСТЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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