Aim: The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between genetic factors and psychological aspects of a person’s life. Materials and Methods: The paper uses methods of analysis and synthesis, psychological tests, and the interpretation method. Results: The role of genetic factors in the development of a person’s mental characteristics, such as personality, temperament, and predisposition to certain mental disorders, is analysed. The paper includes an analysis of the heredity of mental traits, the investigation of genetic markers associated with the ability to adapt to stressful situations and the development of mental disorders. The findings confirm that genes can influence various aspects of a person’s life, including depressive disorders that are passed down from parents to the next generation. Conclusion: Consideration of psychogenetic features can be of practical importance in the fields of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and other areas related to the health of the human psyche. The study results will help expand the understanding of the role of genetics in human mental functioning and the impact of genetic factors on human life and wellbeing.