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Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Contemporary Guidelines for the Treatment and Prevention of Nosocomial Infections: Critical Analysis and Practical Perspectives.

Authors: Aferdita Ademi; Shpetim Qyra; Ferizat Dika-Haxhirexha; Agron Dogjani; Petrit Biberaj; Kastriot Haxhirexha;

Contemporary Guidelines for the Treatment and Prevention of Nosocomial Infections: Critical Analysis and Practical Perspectives.

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial infections remain a significant threat to patient safety worldwide, driving morbidity, mortality, and escalating healthcare costs. Despite comprehensive guidelines from the WHO, CDC, and ECDC, variability in recommendations and persistent implementation gaps impede optimal uptake. Objective: To critically assess current international and regional standards for preventing and controlling healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) and to propose feasible, context‐specific strategies for local implementation that empower healthcare professionals to reduce infection rates meaningfully. Material and Methods: We conducted a systematic review of key HAI prevention and management guidelines published between 2013 and 2023. The methodological quality of each document was evaluated using the AGREE II instrument. Results: All guidelines converge on essential measures: rigorous hand hygiene, standardized environmental disinfection protocols, and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, antibiotic regimens for routine HAIs (e.g., catheter‐associated urinary tract infections) differ markedly, and few guidelines offer clear pathways for implementation in facilities constrained by staffing, equipment, or medication shortages. Interviewees cited critical challenges, including insufficient staffing levels, inconsistent training quality, limited diagnostic capacity, and underdeveloped surveillance systems. Conclusions: Harmonization of core recommendations is needed to reduce clinician confusion. We propose a practical implementation framework. Tailoring global best practices to local realities promises improved compliance, optimized resource use, and a significant reduction in nosocomial infection burden.

Keywords

RD1-811, RC86-88.9, Nosocomial infections, Healthcare‐associated infections, Infection control guidelines, Surgery, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Antimicrobial stewardship, AGREE II, Hand hygiene

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold