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Structure of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gB in post-fusion conformation

Authors: Fumiaki Ito; James Zhen; Guodong Xie; Haigen Huang; Juan C. Silva; Ting-Ting Wu; Z. Hong Zhou;

Structure of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gB in post-fusion conformation

Abstract

ABSTRACT Discovered in 1994 in lesions of an AIDS patient, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily of the Herpesviridae family, which contains a total of nine that infect humans. These viruses all contain a large envelope glycoprotein, glycoprotein B (gB), that is required for viral fusion with host cell membrane to initial infection. Although the atomic structures of five other human herpesviruses in their postfusion conformation and one in its prefusion conformation are known, the atomic structure of KSHV gB has not been reported. Here, we report the first structure of the KSHV gB ectodomain determined by single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM). Despite a similar global fold between herpesvirus gB, KSHV gB possesses local differences not shared by its relatives in other herpesviruses. The glycosylation sites of gB are arranged in belts down the symmetry axis with distinct localization compared to that of other herpesviruses, which occludes certain antibody binding sites. An extended glycan chain observed in domain I (DI), located proximal to the host membrane, may suggest its possible role in host cell attachment. Local flexibility of domain IV (DIV) governed by molecular hinges at its interdomain junctions identifies a means for enabling conformational change. A mutation in the domain III (DIII) central helix disrupts incorporation of gB into KSHV virions despite adoption of a canonical fold in vitro . Taken together, this study reveals mechanisms of structural variability of herpesvirus fusion protein gB and informs its folding and immunogenicity. IMPORTANCE In 1994, a cancer-causing virus was discovered in lesions of AIDS patients, which was later named Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). As the latest discovered human herpesvirus, KSHV has been classified into the gammaherpesvirus subfamily of the Herpesviridae . In this study, we have expressed KSHV gB and employed cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) to determine its first structure. Importantly, our structure resolves some glycans beyond the first sugar moiety. These glycans are arranged in a pattern unique to KSHV, which impacts the antigenicity of KSHV gB. Our structure also reveals conformational flexibility caused by molecular hinges between domains that provide clues into the mechanism behind the drastic change between prefusion and postfusion states.

Keywords

Models, Molecular, Glycosylation, Virus Internalization (mesh), Protein Conformation, Virology (science-metrix), 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac), Human (mesh), 11 Medical and Health Sciences (for), 30 Agricultural, Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc), Viral Envelope Proteins, Protein Domains, Models, Viral Envelope Proteins (mesh), Protein Domains (mesh), veterinary and food sciences (for-2020), 31 Biological sciences (for-2020), structural biology, Humans, Herpesvirus 8, glycoproteins, Cryoelectron Microscopy (mesh), Cancer (rcdc), HIV/AIDS (rcdc), Humans (mesh), 31 Biological Sciences (for-2020), Protein Conformation (mesh), electron microscopy, Structure and Assembly, Generic health relevance (hrcs-hc), Cryoelectron Microscopy, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors (hrcs-rac), Glycosylation (mesh), Virus Internalization, 3101 Biochemistry and Cell Biology (for-2020), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, 06 Biological Sciences (for), 07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (for), Infection (hrcs-hc), Molecular (mesh), 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences (for-2020), Infectious Diseases (rcdc), Herpesvirus 8, Human, Sexually Transmitted Infections (rcdc)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
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