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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
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Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry

Authors: Anja Strangfeld; Martin Schäfer; Milena A Gianfrancesco; Saskia Lawson-Tovey; Jean W Liew; Lotta Ljung; Elsa F Mateus; +193 Authors

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry

Abstract

To determine factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases.Physician-reported registry of adults with rheumatic disease and confirmed or presumptive COVID-19 (from 24 March to 1 July 2020). The primary outcome was COVID-19-related death. Age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis, disease activity and medications were included as covariates in multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were further stratified according to rheumatic disease category.Of 3729 patients (mean age 57 years, 68% female), 390 (10.5%) died. Independent factors associated with COVID-19-related death were age (66-75 years: OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.13 to 4.22; >75 years: 6.18, 4.47 to 8.53; both vs ≤65 years), male sex (1.46, 1.11 to 1.91), hypertension combined with cardiovascular disease (1.89, 1.31 to 2.73), chronic lung disease (1.68, 1.26 to 2.25) and prednisolone-equivalent dosage >10 mg/day (1.69, 1.18 to 2.41; vs no glucocorticoid intake). Moderate/high disease activity (vs remission/low disease activity) was associated with higher odds of death (1.87, 1.27 to 2.77). Rituximab (4.04, 2.32 to 7.03), sulfasalazine (3.60, 1.66 to 7.78), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin, mycophenolate or tacrolimus: 2.22, 1.43 to 3.46) and not receiving any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) (2.11, 1.48 to 3.01) were associated with higher odds of death, compared with methotrexate monotherapy. Other synthetic/biological DMARDs were not associated with COVID-19-related death.Among people with rheumatic disease, COVID-19-related death was associated with known general factors (older age, male sex and specific comorbidities) and disease-specific factors (disease activity and specific medications). The association with moderate/high disease activity highlights the importance of adequate disease control with DMARDs, preferably without increasing glucocorticoid dosages. Caution may be required with rituximab, sulfasalazine and some immunosuppressants.

Keywords

Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use, Male, 1117 Public Health and Health Services (for), antirheumatic agents, Coronaviruses, Epidemiology, Autoimmune diseases, Registries (mesh), Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use, Comorbidity, Cardiovascular, Global Health, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 1103 Clinical Sciences (for), Odds Ratio, Immunology and Allergy, Registries, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020), Antirheumatic Agents (mesh), Male (mesh), Arthritis & Rheumatology (science-metrix), Comorbidity (mesh), [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Humans (mesh), [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, 3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg), COVID-19 (mesh), glucocorticoids, Rheumatology (mesh), Middle Aged, Arthritis (rcdc), health care, Antirheumatic agents, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Antirheumatic Agents, COVID-19/complications, Public Health and Health Services, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, epidemiology, Female, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, 610, 1107 Immunology (for), SARS-CoV-2 (mesh), Autoimmune Disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc), Rheumatology, Rheumatic Diseases, 616, Middle Aged (mesh), Humans, Glucocorticoids (mesh), autoimmune diseases, 3204 Immunology (for-2020), outcome assessment, Glucocorticoids, 3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020), Aged, Autoimmune Disease (rcdc), Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc), Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Aged (mesh), SARS-CoV-2, Arthritis, Inflammatory and immune system, Rheumatic Diseases (mesh), antirheumatic agents; autoimmune diseases; epidemiology; glucocorticoids; health care; outcome assessment;, Klinisk medicin, Health care, Coronaviruses (rcdc), COVID-19, 3202 Clinical sciences (for-2020), Rheumatology/statistics & numerical data, Odds Ratio (mesh), Arthritis & Rheumatology, Inflammatory and immune system (hrcs-hc), Global Health/statistics & numerical data, Outcome assessment, Rheumatic Diseases/mortality, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Infectious Diseases (rcdc), COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female (mesh), antirheumatic agents; autoimmune diseases; epidemiology; glucocorticoids; health care; outcome assessment., [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Global Health (mesh), Clinical Medicine

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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