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Quaestio Rossica
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Red Weddings in Bashkiria: the Experiments of Soviet Power

Authors: Farida Galieva;

Red Weddings in Bashkiria: the Experiments of Soviet Power

Abstract

The author analyses the introduction of the Soviet civil ceremony of “Red” weddings in postwar Bashkiria in order to eliminate religious beliefs, ethnic customs, and territorial differences by means of uniting youth for the purpose of solving existing social problems. The author refers to Bashkir periodicals of the 1920s, field materials, funds of the national archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and publications on the ethnography of the peoples of the republic. Red weddings in Bashkiria were first mentioned on 2 October 1923. In 1924, they were organised in towns, canton centres, and factory settlements among Komsomol members, non-party people, and clerks. In rural areas, attempts to impose new rituals on the public failed. As was explained by Bashkir newspapers, Komsomol leaders in the countryside were economically dependent on their parents and had to agree to their conditions. Additionally, this failure to introduce new practices was explained by the fact that it proved impossible to “develop” and “bring up” one of the spouses, usually a non-Komsomol member. According to field and archival materials, rural areas continued observing their old traditions in the 1920s, keeping patriarchal customs, and conservative worldview. This was particularly true about the Bashkir Trans-Urals, which still preserved a nomadic lifestyle, polygamy, and bride price. In Priuralye Bashkir settlements, there were rare cases of so-called demonstration Red weddings. Overall, the author finds data about Red wedding practices among Russians, Bashkirs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Chuvash, and Estonians. By the late 1920s, Red weddings had stopped as they were discredited in the public’s opinion and there had been a change in the political course of the country.

Представлен анализ опыта Башкирии по внедрению в послереволюционные годы советского гражданского обряда «красная свадьба» с целью искоренения религиозных верований, этнических обычаев и территориальных различий через единение молодежи в деле решения актуальных социальных проблем. В качестве источников использованы периодика Башкирии 1920-х гг., полевые материалы автора последних лет, фонды Национального архива Республики Башкортостан, опубликованные работы по этнографии народов республики. Первое упоминание «красной свадьбы» в Башкирии датируется 2 октября 1923 г. В 1924 г. она проводилась в городах, кантонных центрах и заводских поселках среди комсомольцев, беспартийных рабочих и служащих. В сельской местности попытки навязать новый обряд взамен традиционных ритуалов оказались безуспешными. Газеты Башкирии этот факт объясняли тем, что даже комсомольские лидеры на селе имели экономическую зависимость от родителей и вынужденно соглашались на их условия. Оправданием считалось и то, что одного из супругов-некомсомольцев не удалось «развить» и «воспитать». По полевым и архивным материалам, в 1920-е гг. село в основном продолжало жить по обычаям предков, сохраняя патриархальные порядки и консервативное мировоззрение. Особенно это касается башкирского Зауралья, где сохранялись кочевой образ жизни, многоженство и калым. В приуральских башкирских селах имелись редкие случаи проведения показательной «красной» свадьбы. В целом выявлены сведения о «красной» свадьбе в быту русских, башкир, татар, украинцев, чувашей и эстонцев. К концу 1920-х гг. «красные» обряды перестали проводиться в связи с дискредитацией их в сознании населения и сменой политического курса страны.

Keywords

Red wedding; Bashkiria; Red baptism; Red funeral; postrevolutionary years, «красная» свадьба; Башкирия; «красные» крестины; «красные» похороны; послереволюционные годы

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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