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Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum of patients with HIV infection using a modern algorithm of etiological diagnosis of disease

Выявление микобактерий туберкулеза в мокроте у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией при использовании современного алгоритма этиологической диагностики заболевания
Authors: Zimina V.N.; Mikova O.E.; Varetskaya T.A.; Oborin D.A.; Degtyareva S.Y.; Sergevnin V.I.;

Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum of patients with HIV infection using a modern algorithm of etiological diagnosis of disease

Abstract

Цель. Установить информативность использования фенотипических и молекулярно-генетических методов детекции микобактерии туберкулезис (МВТ) из мокроты для диагностики туберкулеза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. Пациенты и методы. Обследование выполнено 360 ВИЧ-инфицированным с подозрением на туберкулез. Диагностический алгоритм включал двукратное исследование мокроты на КУМ/МБТ люминесцентной микроскопией, выявлением ДНК МВТ с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции реального времени и посевом на жидкие и плотные питательные среды. Результаты. Туберкулез установлен 49,4% пациентам от числа обследованных. Наибольшую чувствительность и точность в выявлении МБТ показали молекулярно-генетические методы (71,3% и 0,85 соответственно), которые даже превысили результаты культуральной диагностики (чувствительность - 58,4 и 60,7%, точность - 0,79 и 0,81 для посева на жидкие и плотные среды соответственно). Крайне низкую чувствительность показала люминесцентная микроскопия (24,2%). Не отмечено связи между частотой выявления МБТ и количеством СД4+-лимфоцитов ни по одному из методов, однако для люминесцентной микроскопии отмечена тенденция лучшей результативности у больных с глубоким иммунодефицитом (при CD4 менее 100 клеток/мкл). Повторный анализ посева на жидкие среды и выявления ДНК МБТ (МГМ) усилили диагностическую ценность каждого из методов на 8,6 и 7,1% соответственно. У 73,5% больных диагноз туберкулеза был установлен в течение 2-3 дней от момента обращения за помощью. Заключение. В целом алгоритм обследования для выявления МБТ продемонстрировал чувствительность у больных ко-инфекцией (ВИЧ/ТБ) 87,1%. При возможности использовать быстрые молекулярно-генетические методы детекции возбудителя люминесцентная микроскопия теряет свою значимость в диагностике туберкулеза.

The objective. To establish the informativity of using phenotypic and molecular genetic methods of detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (МВТ) from sputum to diagnose tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection. Patients and methods. 360 HIV-infected individuals with suspected tuberculosis were examined. A diagnostic algorithm included two tests of sputum for AFB/ МВТ by fluorescence microscopy, detection of МВТ DNA in real-time PCR and inoculation of liquid and solid media. Results. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 49.4% of the examined patients. The greatest sensitivity and accuracy of МВТ detection was demonstrated by molecular genetic methods (71.3% and 0.85, respectively), which even exceeded tire results of culture diagnosis (sensitivity - 58.4 and 60.7%, accuracy - 0.79 and 0.81 for inoculation of liquid and dense media, respectively). An extremely low sensitivity was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy (24.2%). No relation between the frequency of МВТ detection and the number of CD4+-lymphocytes was found in any method but for fluorescence microscopy showed a tendency of a better effectiveness in patients with profound immunodeficiency (in CD4 less than 100 cell/pl). Repeat analysis of inoculation of liquid media and detection of МВТ DNA (MGM) enhanced the diagnostic value of each method by 8.6 and 7.1%, respectively. In 73.5% of patients, tuberculosis was diagnosed within 2-3 days from the moment of turning for medical help. Conclusion. In general, an examination algorithm for detection of МВТ demonstrated its sensitivity in patients with co-infection (HIV/ТВ) in 87.1%. If molecular genetic methods can be used for rapid detection of a causative agent fluorescence microscopy looses its relevance for diagnosing tuberculosis.

Keywords

molecular-genetic methods of МВТ detection, туберкулез, ВИЧ-инфекция, коинфекция, бактериовыделение, HIV infection, co-infection, NBT, tuberculosis, МБТ, молекулярно-генетические методы детекции МБТ, bacterial discharge

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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