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Foreign Institutions in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Analysis, Problems, Development Trends

Authors: Liudmila Yu. Vasilevskaya;

Foreign Institutions in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: Analysis, Problems, Development Trends

Abstract

The article examines the main institutions of foreign law that appeared in Section III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as a result of the law of obligations reforming. Analysis of the regulations concerning estoppel, astreinte, indemnity, warranties, termination fee, opposabilite du contrat, waiver and injunction made it possible to identify not only the features of their legal constructions, but also to show gaps, contradictions and shortcomings in the regulation of these institutions. A comparative legal analysis of the new rules of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and similar foreign rules demonstrated that the institutions developed in the jurisprudence of the countries of case law and based on terminology and the conceptual system being alien to Russian legal order cannot enter Russian civil legislation with ease. For example, considering estoppel in disputing a deal or claiming its invalidity under Items 2 and 5 of Art. 166 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the author comes to the conclusion that unscrupulous contractors can use the principle of estoppel to make contracts with terms that are illegal in their content. Identifying the features of the legal status of indemnity under Art. 406.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the author finds out that Russian civil legislation has a provision according to which one contracting party assumes a chargeable risk for those consequences that are not related to its actions for the proper fulfillment of the obligation. Risk taking requires an answer to questions not connected to liability issues. Unfortunately, the relations of the parties to the agreement on possible restrictions on the risks concerning loss compensation that the contracting party must take (not take) have not been settled in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation yet

В статье рассматриваются основные институты иностранного права, появившиеся в раз- деле III ГК РФ в результате реформы обязательственного права. Анализ норм об estoppel, astreinte, indemnity, warranties, termination fee, opposabilite du contrat, waiver, injunction дал воз- можность не только выделить особенности их правовых конструкций, но и показать пробе- лы, противоречия и недостатки в нормативной регламентации указанных институтов. Сравнительно-правовой анализ новых норм ГК РФ и аналогичных иностранных правил пока- зал, что институты, развитые в судебной практике государств прецедентного права и опи- рающиеся на терминологию и чуждый нашему правопорядку понятийный аппарат, не могут без издержек быть рецепированы российским гражданским законодательством. Например, рассматривая estoppel при оспаривании сделки или заявлении о ее недействительности по п. 2 и 5 ст. 166 ГК РФ, автор приходит к выводу, что недобросовестные контрагенты могут ис- пользовать принцип estoppel для заключения договоров с незаконными по своему содержанию условиями. Выявляя особенности правовой конструкции indemnity по ст. 406.1 ГК РФ, автор делает вывод, что в нашем гражданском законодательстве появился институт, согласно которому одна сторона договора принимает на себя возмездное несение риска за те послед- ствия, которые не связаны с ее действиями по надлежащему исполнению обязательства. Не- сение риска требует ответа на вопросы, не связанные проблемами ответственности. К со- жалению, отношения сторон договора по возможным ограничениям в части рисков, которые обязана принять (не принять) та или иная сторона договора, в котором есть оговорка о воз- мещении потерь, в ГК РФ не урегулированы

Keywords

debtor, convalidaton of the transaction, заверения об обстоятельствах, unilateral refusal to perform the obligation, невозможность исполнения обязательства, убытки, риски, кредитор, негативное обязательство, должник, indemnity, negative obligation, недействительность сделки, assurances about the circumstances, сделка, исцеление сделки, обязательство, договор, нарушение обязательства, estoppel, losses, refusal to exercise the right, transaction invalidity, односторонний отказ от исполнения обязательства, deal, breach of obligation, отказ от осуществления права, reimbursement of the creditor’s losses, impossibility to perform the obligation, liability, risks, creditor, contract, возмещение потерь кредитора

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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