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Bus Frequency Optimization: When Waiting Time Matters in User Satisfaction

Authors: Songsong Mo; Zhifeng Bao; Baihua Zheng; Zhiyong Peng 0001;

Bus Frequency Optimization: When Waiting Time Matters in User Satisfaction

Abstract

Reorganizing bus frequency to cater for the actual travel demand can save the cost of the public transport system significantly. Many, if not all, existing studies formulate this as a bus frequency optimization problem which tries to minimize passengers' average waiting time. However, many investigations have confirmed that the user satisfaction drops faster as the waiting time increases. Consequently, this paper studies the bus frequency optimization problem considering the user satisfaction. Specifically, for the first time to our best knowledge, we study how to schedule the buses such that the total number of passengers who could receive their bus services within the waiting time threshold is maximized. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, and present an index-based algorithm with $(1-1/e)$ approximation ratio. By exploiting the locality property of routes in a bus network, we propose a partition-based greedy method which achieves a $(1-��)(1-1/e)$ approximation ratio. Then we propose a progressive partition-based greedy method to further improve the efficiency while achieving a $(1-��)(1-1/e-\varepsilon)$ approximation ratio. Experiments on a real city-wide bus dataset in Singapore verify the efficiency, effectiveness, and scalability of our methods.

Country
Singapore
Related Organizations
Keywords

Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Operations Research, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, approximate algorithm, Transportation, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Databases (cs.DB), bus frequency scheduling optimization, user waiting time minimization, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Computer Science - Databases, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green