The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in aquaculture has been identified as a transformative force, enhancing various operational aspects from water quality management to genetic optimization. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements in AI applications within the aquaculture sector, underscoring the significant enhancements in production efficiency and environmental sustainability. Key AI-driven improvements, such as predictive analytics for disease management and optimized feeding protocols, are highlighted, demonstrating their contributions to reducing waste and improving biomass outputs. However, challenges remain in terms of data quality, system integration, and the socio-economic impacts of technological adoption across diverse aquacultural environments. This review also addresses the gaps in current research, particularly the lack of robust, scalable AI models and frameworks that can be universally applied. Future directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research and development to fully leverage AI potential in aquaculture. This study not only maps the current landscape of AI applications but also serves as a call for continued innovation and strategic collaborations to overcome existing barriers and realize the full benefits of AI in aquaculture.