Aim. To study the course of pregnancy in women having an extremely premature labor. Materials and Methods. We recruited 100 women who delivered in Kemerovo Regional Perinatal Centre during 2014-2015 following stratification into two equal groups (n = 50): with extremely premature labor and with urgent delivery. Results. Women with extremely premature labor had a high prevalence of threatened miscarriage (56%), preterm premature rupture of membranes (42%), placenta previa (36%), polyhydramnios (22%), bacterial vaginosis (22%), and pre-eclampsia (8%). These patients were prescribed to glucocorticoids (72%), progestogens (28%), tocolytics (8%), and cervical pessary (8%). Newborns with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) had higher prevalence of asphyxia and required a respiratory support on average of 12 days. A majority (68%) of newborns with ELBW had congenital malformations, particularly congenital heart disease (34% of newborns with ELBW). Conclusion. Women with extremely premature labor are characterized by a high prevalence of pregnancy complications. Newborns with ELBW frequently have asphyxia, congenital malformations, and demand a longer respiratory support.