The article presents the results of the historical and security analysis of the main measures of Ukraine’s military policy after the independence declaration, identifies the negative factors of military policy implementation that significantly affected the military security of the state. The authors have focused on the adaptation of the state’s military policy to current threats and negative trends in the rapidly changing security environment in order to resolve the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine and to obtain effective security guarantees from other states in the future. The defense industry and changes in the structure of the Ministry of Defense, the neral Headquarters, types and branches of the armed forces, as well as approaches to combat training have been analyzed in detail. Russia’s armed and hybrid aggression against Ukraine has caused significant changes in the country’s security and defense sector, dividing the history of its development into the period before and after 2014. In general, during a long and difficult period accompanied by numerous challenges, Ukraine’s security and defense sector has undergone significant transformations, evolving from the Soviet legacy to a modern, capable and, most importantly, motivated army capable to effectively defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. At present, this army is holding back an enemy with significantly superior capabilities and is implementing the task of restoring the territorial integrity of our state. Thus, Ukraine’s military policy has undergone significant changes over the past 30 years. The Ukrainian army has gone through a difficult way of military reforms, facing numerous challenges and threats. Despite these difficulties, Ukraine has made significant progress in developing its army and strengthening the country’s security. Completion of the reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, its defense industry, and joining NATO remain key priorities of Ukraine’s military policy. The scientific novelty of this study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the main measures of Ukraine’s military policy after the declaration of independence in terms of their historical background, impact on the security situation in the country and connection with current scientific and practical tasks.