This study evaluated the long-term consequences of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) on health related quality of life (HRQOL), performance status, and work capacity.A follow-up study with prospective outcome measurements on patients with previous PEP and matched controls from a Danish cohort of 772 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). HRQOL was evaluated by the short form 36 health surveys, performance status by the Zubrod score, and work capacity by employment status. Multivariable models were applied to adjust for potential confounders.Twenty-nine cases and 49 controls were included. Twelve (41%), eight (28%), and nine (31%) patients had mild, moderate, and severe PEP, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 4.8 ± 1.7 years. PEP was associated with long-term reduced mental HRQOL (-13.0 role-emotional score points, 95% CI: -25.4; -0.52). An increased Zubrod score representing reduced performance status was present in 12 of the 29 cases (41.4%) and in nine of the 49 controls (18.4%), p = .002. Reduced work capacity was present in 14 of the 29 cases (48.2%) and in 12 of the 49 controls (24.4%), p = .023.This study indicates that PEP has a detrimental effect on long-term HRQOL, performance score, and work capacity.