A Causal and Mediation Analysis of the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Copyright policy )A Causal and Mediation Analysis of the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between ASD and ADHD symptoms by applying causal modeling. We used a large phenotypic data set of 417 children with ASD and/or ADHD, 562 affected and unaffected siblings, and 414 controls, to infer a structural equation model using a causal discovery algorithm. Three distinct pathways between ASD and ADHD were identified: (1) from impulsivity to difficulties with understanding social information, (2) from hyperactivity to stereotypic, repetitive behavior, (3) a pairwise pathway between inattention, difficulties with understanding social information, and verbal IQ. These findings may inform future studies on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the overlap between ASD and ADHD.
- Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
- University Medical Center Groningen Netherlands
- Radboud universitair medisch centrum, Antropogenetica-855
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Faculteit der Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Informatica, Institute for Science in Society (ISIS), Department of Philosophy and Science studies
Male, Internationality, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Statistics as Topic, Biophysics, Comorbidity, Sex Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Cognitive Neuroscience - Radboud University Medical Center, Child, Stereotyped Behavior/physiology, Original Paper, Radboudumc 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis, Siblings, Data Science, Age Factors, Psychiatry - Radboud University Medical Center, Siblings/psychology, Statistics as Topic/methods, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Stereotyped Behavior
Male, Internationality, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Statistics as Topic, Biophysics, Comorbidity, Sex Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Cognitive Neuroscience - Radboud University Medical Center, Child, Stereotyped Behavior/physiology, Original Paper, Radboudumc 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders DCMN: Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis, Siblings, Data Science, Age Factors, Psychiatry - Radboud University Medical Center, Siblings/psychology, Statistics as Topic/methods, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Stereotyped Behavior
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