This study's object is the activity of the grain processing industry, aimed at technological modernization. The study addresses issues related to the technological backwardness of production capacities. These include outdated equipment, unable to provide the required depth of grain processing and product quality. The limited domestic demand focused on the export of grain to the countries of Central Asia has been examined, which leads to underutilization of processing capacities under current conditions. A potential modernization of the grain processing complex has been proposed, aimed at the development of deep grain processing and diversification of the product range: – the global starch market is the largest of all grain processing products (3.8 times larger than the wheat gluten market and 20% larger than the flour market). The annual growth rate of the starch market is 5–6%; – wheat gluten is a strategically important product of deep grain processing, combining high profitability, a wide range of applications, and export potential. It has high added value: the production of 1 ton of dry gluten requires the processing of approximately 3–4 tons of flour. The practical significance of this study is the detailed analysis of the characteristics of exports oriented towards the markets of neighboring countries, the needs of these markets, as well as prospects for their development of products. It has been shown that increasing the efficiency of the industry with an optimal level of utilization requires taking into account the prospects for the functioning of the domestic market and export deliveries until 2030