Firearms craniocerebral wounds of peacetime are the one of urgent problems of modern neurosurgery. There are no clear statistics, the approved classification of gunshot wounds to the head, algorithm of the treatment and tactics of managing children patients. The greatest number of cases of injuries is caused by modern pneumatic and gas guns, which, by their capacity, are not inferior to firearms. The purpose of this study is to summarize the accumulated experience in countries where there is a legalization of weapons and there was registered a high percentage of its spread among the civilian population, as well as the use of prognostic scales for choosing the tactics of treating patients with gunshot wounds to the head.