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The adaptation of rainbow trout to warmer water: Oxidative damage in the germinal line

تكيف سمك السلمون المرقط قوس قزح مع المياه الدافئة: الضرر التأكسدي في الخط الجرثومي
Authors: Vianel Sevastei; Sonia A. Crichigno; María Victoria Santos; Andrea Trochine; Julio C. Painefilú; Noemí Zaritzky; Víctor Cussac;

The adaptation of rainbow trout to warmer water: Oxidative damage in the germinal line

Abstract

Une évolution contemporaine a été observée chez une population de truites arc-en-ciel sauvages (Oncorhynchus mykiss) d'un cours d'eau thermique (Valcheta) en Patagonie du Nord, en termes de tolérance thermique juvénile et de température préférée. D'autres auteurs ont montré que le traitement à haute température appliqué aux jeunes truites arc-en-ciel mâles augmentait la tolérance thermique de la génération suivante. Cela implique un taux de mutation élevé et/ou un héritage épigénétique modifié. Des comparaisons ont été faites entre a) une souche de truite arc-en-ciel adaptée en termes de tolérance thermique supérieure et de température préférée plus élevée (ruisseau Valcheta), b) une population de ruisseaux tempérés sauvages (ruisseau Guillelmo) et c) deux souches d'élevage tempérées. Nous avons examiné : les dommages oxydatifs (peroxydation lipidique) et les activités des enzymes antioxydantes ; Catalase (CAT), Glutathion S-Transférases (GST) et Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), dans le foie, les testicules et les spermatozoïdes. La composition en acides gras du sperme, la morphologie du sperme, la motilité du sperme et les performances de fécondation dans les échantillons avant et après l'application des procédures de cryoconservation ont également été évaluées. Les réponses observées, principalement liées à la membrane du sperme, renforcent l'idée que les ROS peuvent affecter la ligne germinale des jeunes truites arc-en-ciel mâles soumises à une température élevée de l'eau. Nos résultats suggèrent que les traits de tolérance thermique acquis peuvent faire partie d'un large spectre de nouvelles caractéristiques produites à la suite d'un taux de mutation accru et/ou d'un modèle de méthylation de l'ADN différent, induit par des températures plus élevées et médié par ROS.

Se observó evolución contemporánea en una población de trucha arco iris salvaje (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de un arroyo termal (Valcheta) en la Patagonia Norte, en términos de tolerancia térmica juvenil y temperatura preferida. Otros autores mostraron que el tratamiento a alta temperatura aplicado a los juveniles machos de trucha arco iris aumentó la tolerancia térmica en la próxima generación. Esto implica una alta tasa de mutación y/o una herencia epigenética modificada. Se realizaron comparaciones entre a) una cepa de trucha arco iris adaptada en términos de tolerancia térmica superior y temperatura preferida más alta (arroyo Valcheta), b) una población de arroyo templado silvestre (arroyo Guillelmo) y c) dos cepas de cultivo templado. Examinamos: daño oxidativo (peroxidación lipídica) y actividades de enzimas antioxidantes; catalasa (CAT), glutatión S-transferasas (GST) y superóxido dismutasa (SOD), en hígado, testículo y espermatozoides. También se evaluó la composición de ácidos grasos del semen, la morfología de los espermatozoides, la motilidad de los espermatozoides y el rendimiento de la fertilización en muestras antes y después de la aplicación de procedimientos de crioconservación Las respuestas observadas, relacionadas principalmente con la membrana espermática, refuerzan la idea de que las ROS pueden afectar a la línea germinal de los juveniles machos de la trucha arco iris sometidos a altas temperaturas del agua. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los rasgos de tolerancia térmica adquiridos pueden ser parte de un amplio espectro de características novedosas producidas como consecuencia de una tasa de mutación mejorada y/o un patrón de metilación del ADN diferente, inducido por temperaturas más altas y mediado por ROS.

Contemporary evolution was observed in a feral rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population of a thermal stream (Valcheta) in Northern Patagonia, in terms of juvenile thermal tolerance and preferred temperature. Other authors showed that high-temperature treatment applied to male rainbow trout juveniles increased the thermal tolerance in the next generation. This implies a high mutation rate and/or a modified epigenetic inheritance. Comparisons were made among a) a rainbow trout strain adapted in terms of upper thermal tolerance and higher preferred temperature (Valcheta stream), b) a wild temperate stream population (Guillelmo stream), and c) two temperate farmed strains. We examined: Oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; Catalase (CAT), Glutathione S-Transferases (GST), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), in liver, testicle, and spermatozoa. Semen fatty acid composition, sperm morphology, sperm motility, and fertilization performance in samples before and after the application of cryopreservation procedures were also evaluated. The observed responses, mainly related to the sperm membrane, reinforces the idea that ROS can affect the germinal line of male rainbow trout juveniles subjected to high water temperature. Our results suggest that the acquired thermal tolerance traits may be part of a wide spectrum of novel characteristics produced as a consequence of an enhanced mutation rate and/or a different DNA methylation pattern, induced by higher temperatures and mediated by ROS.

لوحظ التطور المعاصر في مجموعة سمك السلمون المرقط قوس قزح الوحشي (Oncorhynchus mykiss) من تيار حراري (Valcheta) في شمال باتاغونيا، من حيث التسامح الحراري للأحداث ودرجة الحرارة المفضلة. أظهر مؤلفون آخرون أن المعالجة ذات درجة الحرارة العالية المطبقة على صغار سمك السلمون المرقط قوس قزح الذكور زادت من التحمل الحراري في الجيل التالي. وهذا ينطوي على معدل طفرة مرتفع و/أو وراثة جينية معدلة. تم إجراء مقارنات بين أ) سلالة سمك السلمون المرقط قوس قزح التي تم تكييفها من حيث التحمل الحراري العلوي ودرجة الحرارة المفضلة الأعلى (تيار فالشيتا)، ب) مجموعة تيار معتدل بري (تيار غويلمو)، ج) سلالتين مزرعتين معتدلتين. قمنا بفحص: الضرر التأكسدي (بيروكسيد الدهون) وأنشطة الإنزيمات المضادة للأكسدة ؛ كاتالاز (CAT)، الجلوتاثيون S - ترانسفيراز (GST)، وفوق أكسيد ديسموتاز (SOD)، في الكبد والخصية والحيوانات المنوية. كما تم تقييم تركيبة الأحماض الدهنية للسائل المنوي، ومورفولوجيا الحيوانات المنوية، وحركة الحيوانات المنوية، وأداء الإخصاب في العينات قبل وبعد تطبيق إجراءات الحفظ بالتبريد. تعزز الاستجابات المرصودة، المتعلقة أساسًا بغشاء الحيوانات المنوية، فكرة أن ROS يمكن أن تؤثر على الخط الجرثومي لذكور سمك السلمون المرقط قوس قزح اليافعين المعرضين لدرجة حرارة مياه عالية. تشير نتائجنا إلى أن سمات التحمل الحراري المكتسبة قد تكون جزءًا من مجموعة واسعة من الخصائص الجديدة الناتجة نتيجة لمعدل طفرة محسن و/أو نمط مثيلة مختلف للحمض النووي، ناتج عن درجات حرارة أعلى وبتوسط من ROS.

Keywords

Bioquímica, Semen fatty acids, Physiology, Biología, Local adaptation, Lipid peroxidation, Population, SH1-691, Superoxide dismutase, Aquatic Science, Biochemistry, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sociology, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Oxidative damage, Importance and Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Genetics, Andrology, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, Biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Demography, Cryopreservation, Metabolism and Nutrition in Aquaculture Feeds, Life Sciences, Spermatozoa, Sperm, FOS: Sociology, Sperm motility, Rainbow trout, Fish, Fishery, Oxidative stress, Embryo, Reproductive Physiology and Endocrine Disruption in Fish, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental Science, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Habitat Fragmentation, Zoology, Animal science

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
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