The work objective is the optimization of the part cutting process to ensure the specified surface layer quality when using the dynamic methods of the surface plastic deformation (SPD). The research subject is the process of forming the surface layer parameters that ensure the rational SPD processing modes. The adjusted dependences for determining the hardened layer depth, the degree of hardening and roughness of the surface layer are presented. The analytical prediction technique of the parts surface layer quality parameters is developed on the basis of the abovementioned relations. These relations are experimentally tested and can be used for designing high-performance, cost-effective technological processes based on the application of the dynamic SPD methods. The importance of the process optimization based on the criterion of the workpieces durability is noted. A control-flow chart of the dynamic SPD machining optimization is given.