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Volcanica
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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Volcanica
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Volcanica
Article . 2018
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Rapid hazard assessment of volcanic ballistic projectiles using long-exposure photographs: insights from the 2010 eruptions at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador

Authors: Benjamin Bernard;

Rapid hazard assessment of volcanic ballistic projectiles using long-exposure photographs: insights from the 2010 eruptions at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador

Abstract

Assessing hazard associated to volcanic ballistic projectiles is essential to limit fatal incidents close to erupting vents. Current state-of-the-art methods using high-speed visual and thermal images and volcanic radars permit to obtain high resolution information during explosive events but are limited to few laboratory volcanoes. Nowadays, long-exposure photographs at erupting volcanoes have become common and can be used to obtain meaningful information. In this paper I present a method to extract volcano-physical data from the projectile parabolic trajectory after adequate scaling and projection. The results, obtained from the analysis of 28 photographs from three eruptive phase at Tungurahua volcano in 2010, allowed to constrain the geometry of the vent (20 m-diameter for the upper conduit and 70 m-diameter inner crater), the diameter of the ballistic projectiles (up to 4.3 m), their launching angle (50 to 90°), their minimum launching velocity (40 to 145 m.s-1), and their maximum distance reach (up to 1330 m from the vent). This turnkey method can help to characterize eruptive dynamics as well as to perform rapid hazard assessment at dangerously explosive erupting volcanoes.

Keywords

QE1-996.5, Volcanic Ballistic Projectile; Long-exposure photography; Tungurahua; Hazard assessment, Geology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Average
Average
Average
Published in a Diamond OA journal