The problem the East Adyghe population origin is of great importance in the history’s study of the North Caucasus. This study sheds light on many debatable issues related to the ethnic history of the Central Caucasus. In Russian historiography for a long time exists the late Mediaeval “migra-tion” theory of its origin, which, in fact, is based mostly on the spread of the Kabardian kurgan culture. It overlooks a vast stratum of anthropological research related to ancient and early medi-aeval cultures, without which the reconstruction of the ethnic-regional history is impossible. Such an approach has led to a biased and one-sided view of the history’s study of the Central Caucasia. In the article, the anthropological data was obtained through a field archaeological research, which cannot be dismissed in the study of the autochthonous population of the Central Caucasus, which was actualized. The resolution of the considered problem is possible only with a comparative-historical analysis of archaeological, anthropological and written sources.