Learning programming requires creative, logical, and computational thinking skills, which are key for students to face the challenges of the 21st century. However, many learners find it difficult to learn programming due to the complexity of the syntax and structure of the program, which can reduce their motivation to learn. To address this, block-based Visual Programming Language (VPL) approaches, such as Scratch, are used to simplify programming concepts. VPL allows beginners to learn with an intuitive visual interface, reducing the need to memorize syntax and focusing more on understanding the basic logic of programming. This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) on studies that have examined the effectiveness of block-based programming learning in improving learning outcomes. This research involved searching articles from various databases with established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the use of block-based programming could improve basic programming understanding, motivation, creativity, problem-solving skills, and self-efficacy of students in understanding programming concepts. This study concludes that the block-based programming approach has a positive impact on the development of students' computational skills holistically.