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Excessive toxicity of cabozantinib in a phase II study in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic salivary gland cancer

Authors: Wim van Boxtel; Maike J.M. Uijen; Stefanie D. Krens; Tim Dijkema; Stefan M. Willems; Marianne A. Jonker; Sjoert A.H. Pegge; +2 Authors

Excessive toxicity of cabozantinib in a phase II study in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic salivary gland cancer

Abstract

Because the tyrosine kinases c-MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) are often overexpressed in salivary gland cancer (SGC), this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) SGC.A single-centre phase II study was conducted. Patients with immunohistochemical c-MET-positive R/M SGC were included in three cohorts: adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC); salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and other miscellaneous SGCs. No prior systemic treatments were required. Patients started cabozantinib 60 mg once daily. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes included survival, safety and quality of life. Per Simon-two-stage design, depending on efficacy, a maximum of 43 patients would be included.In total, 25 patients were included until premature closure owing to severe toxicity. Six patients (24%) had grade 3-5 wound complications, occurring at a median of 7.1 months on cabozantinib treatment (range 2.1-12.6). Remarkably, four of these six patients developed this complication in the area prior exposed to high-dose radiotherapy. Other grade ≥3 adverse events in >1 patient were hypertension (20%), diarrhoea (8%) and dehydration (8%). Twenty-one patients were evaluable for response; 1/15 ACC (ORR: 7%); 1/4 SDC and 0/2 patients with other miscellaneous SGC responded. Median progression-free survival was 9.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4-11.4 months), 7.2 months (95%CI 0.0-15.1) and 6.9 months (95%CI 0.0-15.1), respectively.This study showed too many severe cabozantinib-associated wound complications in patients with SGC, especially in prior irradiated areas. Therefore, the study closed prematurely. The efficacy in the limited number of evaluable patients was low to moderate.This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03729297.

Keywords

Male, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/pharmacology, Pyridines, Radboudumc 17: Women's cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc 15: Urological cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc 16: Vascular damage RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Humans, Anilides, Neoplasm Metastasis, Medical Oncology - Radboud University Medical Center, Anilides/adverse effects, Pyridines/adverse effects, Aged, Pathology - Radboud University Medical Center, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Radboudumc 9: Rare cancers RIHS: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Salivary Gland Neoplasms, Salivary Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Radiation Oncology - Radboud University Medical Center, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Health Evidence - Radboud University Medical Center

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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