The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of technology transfer supported by two federal programs: Federal Targeted Program “Research and Development in Priority Areas of Development of Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014–2020” (hereinafter FRDP) and Russian Government Resolution 218 of 9 April 2010 (hereinafter Resolution 218). Aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of and identify more effective mechanism of interaction between the state, business and universities as supported by Resolution 218 and FRDP for full-cycle projects and technology transfer. Methodology: Methods of statistical economics, quantitative and qualitative methods were used, including comparative analysis, expert assessments, and analysis of macroeconomic forecasts. Results: Higher effectiveness of commercialization mechanism for technology transfer implemented within framework of Resolution 218 relative to FRDP is shown. Scope of application of results: Results obtained should be applied by universities when selecting most effective form of interaction with state and industry partners to commercialize technologies, as well as by public authorities in development of new tools for implementation of full-cycle projects. Conclusions: Constructing future mechanism of technology commercialization is of primary importance both due to the fact that in 2021 FRDP and Resolution 218 programs will finish, and since point subsidies for individual enterprises cannot address systemic goal of improving competitiveness of high-tech development sector as a whole.