The implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has evolved significantly in recent years, shifting from philanthropic objectives to strategic integration in Vietnam. The Government has determined the transition toward a green economy, highlighting the role of the banking industry in promoting green credit. However, adopting CSR requires a comprehensive understanding of its impact and whether it is merely a compliance cost or a strategic tool for enhancing financial stability. This study, therefore, examines the impact of CSR on the financial stability of listed commercial banks in Vietnam. Using an aggregate CSR index and its two specific dimensions, environmental and social, constructed through content analysis, the study evaluates their impact on the financial stability measured by the Z-score index. Ordinary least squares, fixed and random effect regression, feasible general least squares regression, and system generalized method of moments are applied to the sample of 19 banks over the period from 2013 to 2022. The findings demonstrate a positive relationship between social and environmental initiatives and financial stability, with the environmental pillar showing a particularly strong effect. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in CSR and environmental indices results in increases of 2.361 and 1.327 units in the Z-score, respectively. Eco-friendly practices in banking enhance financial stability, while the social dimension shows a more nuanced impact. The findings of this study provide implications for bank managers and government authorities in developing and promoting CSR practices. AcknowledgmentThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Banking Academy of Vietnam.