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Социологическое обозрение
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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Arendt on Positive Freedom

Authors: Alexei, Gloukhov;

Arendt on Positive Freedom

Abstract

Предложенная Ханна Арендт концепция свободы занимает исключительное место в современной политической теории. Во-первых, эта концепция позитивна, что ставит ее в оппозицию к обеим актуальным негативным концепциям свободы, либеральной (Исайя Берлин) и республиканской (Квентин Скиннер, Филип Петтит). Сравнение между теориями Арендт и Петтита позволяет указать несколько моментов выразительного логического антагонизма. На этом основании вводится понятие «школы мысли», которое играет существенную роль при последующем рассмотрении арендтовского реализма. Во-вторых, несмотря на то, что учение Арендт о свободе достаточно типично для континентальной школы мысли (Мартин Хайдеггер, Жиль Делёз, Ален Бадью), ее решение той проблемы, которую представляет собой свобода, скорее сближает ее позицию с представителями либеральной традиции. В-третьих, на мой взгляд, эту двусмысленную ситуацию необходимо считать скорее проявлением политического реализма, отличающего теорию Арендт, чем тривиальной непоследовательностью мышления. Именно политический реализм является по-настоящему уникальной частью интеллектуального наследия этого мыслителя. Осознание специфики ее подхода способно привести к серьезным изменениям в современной политической философии. Наконец, в финале статьи дается анализ сформулированного Арендт решения проблемы свободы, а также предлагается интерпретация ряда, на первый взгляд, неожиданных и даже не совсем уместных понятий (например, «превосходство» или «элита»), без которых тем не менее не обходится арендтовская трактовка свободы. Хотя в конечном счете ее решение кажется искусственным, оно открывает многообещающее поле политических исследований, связанных с понятием «благожелательное превосходство».

Hannah Arendt’s concept of freedom is exceptional in contemporary political theory. First, it is positive, which puts it into opposition to the both current versions of its negative counterpart, the liberal (Isaiah Berlin), and the republican (Quentin Skinner, Philip Pettit) concepts of freedom. In particular, a comparison between Arendt’s and Pettit’s approaches allows establishing some striking points of antagonistic logical mirroring. Based on this, the notion of “schools of thought” is introduced, which plays an essential role in the subsequent discussion of Arendtian realism. Second, although Arendt’s theory of freedom shares features that are common to the major continental thinkers, like Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze, or Alain Badiou, her solution to the problem of freedom aligns her closer to the liberals. Third, I argue that one should consider this logical irregularity as evidence in favor of her political realism, rather than a trivial inconsistency. This realism is the genuinely exceptional part of her legacy, which may guide us eventually, with modifications applied, to a paradigm shift in the current political philosophy. Finally, I present an evaluation of her solution to the problem of freedom, and a brief follow-up to some seemingly-out-of-place Arendtian notions, such as “excellence” and “elite.” Although in the final analysis, her solution seems to be artificial, it opens up a new promising area of research related to the notion of “benevolent excellence.”

Related Organizations
Keywords

Ханна Арендт, свобода, справедливость, добродетель, доблесть, превосходство, элита

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
gold