Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain
Copyright policy )Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain
A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution may be harmful to fetal development. We assessed the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in four areas within the Spanish Children's Health and Environment (INMA) mother and child cohort study.Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene was estimated for the residence of each woman (n = 2,337) for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Outcomes included birth weight, length, and head circumference. The association between residential outdoor air pollution exposure and birth outcomes was assessed with linear regression models controlled for potential confounders. We also performed sensitivity analyses for the subset of women who spent more time at home during pregnancy. Finally, we performed a combined analysis with meta-analysis techniques.In the combined analysis, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in NO2 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in birth length of -0.9 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.8 to -0.1 mm]. For the subset of women who spent ≥ 15 hr/day at home, the association was stronger (-0.16 mm; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.04). For this same subset of women, a reduction of 22 g in birth weight was associated with each 10-µg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure in the second trimester (95% CI, -45.3 to 1.9). We observed no significant relationship between benzene levels and birth outcomes.NO2 exposure was associated with reductions in both length and weight at birth. This association was clearer for the subset of women who spent more time at home.
Fetus -- Creixement, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy, air pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Environmental Monitoring, Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans, Cohort Studies, benzene, birth, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Birth Weight, Body Size, Prospective Studies, Nitrogen dioxide, Vehicle Emissions, Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size, Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, anthropometry, Anthropometry, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Residence Characteristics, Aire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics -- Epidemiologia, Maternal Exposure, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Prospective Studies, Female, pregnancy, Environmental Monitoring, Adult, nitrogen dioxide, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants, Nitrogen Dioxide, Air pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn::Infant, Low Birth Weight::Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Nitrogen Compounds::Nitrogen Oxides, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires, Birth weight, Air Pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Inhalation Exposure, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure, Humans, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Vehicle Emissions, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene, Research, Infant, Newborn, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Young Adult, birth weight, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female, Benzene, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight, Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies, Spain, Birth
Fetus -- Creixement, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy, air pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Environmental Monitoring, Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain, Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans, Cohort Studies, benzene, birth, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Birth Weight, Body Size, Prospective Studies, Nitrogen dioxide, Vehicle Emissions, Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size, Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, anthropometry, Anthropometry, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Residence Characteristics, Aire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics -- Epidemiologia, Maternal Exposure, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Prospective Studies, Female, pregnancy, Environmental Monitoring, Adult, nitrogen dioxide, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants, Nitrogen Dioxide, Air pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn::Infant, Low Birth Weight::Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Nitrogen Compounds::Nitrogen Oxides, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires, Birth weight, Air Pollution, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Inhalation Exposure, Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure, Humans, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Vehicle Emissions, Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene, Research, Infant, Newborn, Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Young Adult, birth weight, Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female, Benzene, Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight, Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies, Spain, Birth
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