The design efficiency of multi-purpose automotive vehicles (structural efficiency) is considered as the ability of a vehicle to achieve a maximum degree of fulfillment of technical requirements when performing a given level of tasks in specific operating conditions and with a certain ratio of its technical characteristics. Passability is one of the main indicators of multi-purpose vehicle technology (MPVT), which characterizes the ability of serviceable and capable vehicles to move quickly in different road and climatic conditions when performing combat missions. It is determined by the permeability, maneuverability, mass-dimensional and traction-speed properties that determine the technical level of equipment used in the National Guard of Ukraine. To ensure the required level of passability, it is necessary to determine the influence of various factors on the patency and improvement of the MPVT design, which will solve a number of issues related to raising the performance of the MPVT: average speed, fuel economy, controllability, stability, passability. The passability is important in determining the effectiveness of the use of MPVT in various fields of human activity. At the same time, many authors pay considerable attention to the study of various factors that characterize a car as a vehicle, and affect the operational properties that determine the ability of its movement on roads, in poor road conditions and off-road conditions, overcome various obstacles of natural and artificial origin. The purpose of the article is to determine and analyze the influence of the structural factors that most significantly affect the passability of MPVT. Due to the fact that it is practically impossible to change the properties of the support surface, which are determined by natural and climatic factors, it is the design features and the ability to maximize the use of technical parameters that determine the efficiency of the MPVT. The factors that characterize the vehicle and determine the parameters of its passability, it is customary to attribute traction-dynamic, geometric, structural. Traction-dynamic characteristics include: car weight, power-to-weight ratio of the vehicle and the roadtrain, the power-to-weight ratio of the engine, the coefficient of trailing weight. Geometric parameters, depending on the configuration and design features of the vehicle, are customary to refer to as the geometric factors that determine the passability as a performance property of the car: road clearance, radius of passability, overhang angle, axile angle.

Ефективність конструкції автомобільної техніки багатоцільового призначення (конструктивна ефективність) розглядається як здатність автомобіля під час виконання заданого рівня задач в конкретизованих умовах експлуатації і за певного співвідношення його технічних характеристик забезпечити максимальний ступінь виконання технічних вимог.