Bronchodilator responses (BDRs) from impulse oscillometry (IOS) are not interchangeable with those from spirometry. We aimed to identify the characteristics of children with small airway hyperresponsiveness and to determine whether BDR from IOS provides an important supplement to BDR from spirometry.The records of 592 children with asthma or suspected asthma who underwent spirometric and oscillometric BDRs were retrospectively reviewed. Oscillometric BDR was defined as positive when relative or absolute changes of Rrs5 or Xrs5 were beyond two standard deviations and spirometric BDR as positive when absolute change of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was ≥12%. Subjects were classified as positive for spirometric BDR only, positive for oscillometric BDR only, positive for both BDRs, or negative for both BDRs.The results indicated that 101 (17.6%) subjects were positive for spirometric BDR only, 49 (8.5%) positive for oscillometric BDR only, 48 (8.3%) positive for both BDRs, and 377 (65.6%) negative for both BDRs. The agreement between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs was poor. Baseline FEV1, Rrs5, and Xrs5 values strongly influenced the BDRs. Subjects positive for oscillometric BDR only were found to be younger than those positive for spirometric BDR only (P < 0.001). Subjects positive for both BDRs were more likely to have asthma, atopic dermatitis, wheezing apart from cold, or decreased baseline lung function relative to those positive in either test (P < 0.001).There was a low concordance between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs. Use of IOS to detect small airway hyperresponsiveness may add more information about a clinical profile of subjects with asthma.