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Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society

Authors: Hyemi Kwon; Eun Roh; Chang Ho Ahn; Hee Kyung Kim; Cheol Ryong Ku; Kyong Yeun Jung; Ju Hee Lee; +7 Authors

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and anti-PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are representative therapeutics for various malignancies. In oncology, the application of ICIs is currently expanding to a wider range of malignancies due to their remarkable clinical outcomes. ICIs target immune checkpoints which suppress the activity of T-cells that are specific for tumor antigens, thereby allowing tumor cells to escape the immune response. However, immune checkpoints also play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, ICIs targeting immune checkpoints can trigger various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in endocrine organs. Considering the endocrine organs that are frequently involved, irAEs associated endocrinopathies are frequently life-threatening and have unfavorable clinical implications for patients. However, there are very limited data from large clinical trials that would inform the development of clinical guidelines for patients with irAEs associated endocrinopathies. Considering the current clinical situation, in which the scope and scale of the application of ICIs are increasing, position statements from clinical specialists play an essential role in providing the appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experience. As endocrinologists, we would like to present precautions and recommendations for the management of immune-related endocrine disorders, especially those involving the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands caused by ICIs.

Keywords

Endocrine System Diseases* / therapy, Endocrine System Diseases* / chemically induced, 610, Adrenal glands, Endocrine System Diseases, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pituitary gland, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, endocrine system diseases, Special Article, Neoplasms, Republic of Korea, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, adrenal glands, Thyroid gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, RC648-665, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / adverse effects, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Neoplasms* / drug therapy, Endocrine system diseases

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold