
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and anti-PD-ligand 1 inhibitors are representative therapeutics for various malignancies. In oncology, the application of ICIs is currently expanding to a wider range of malignancies due to their remarkable clinical outcomes. ICIs target immune checkpoints which suppress the activity of T-cells that are specific for tumor antigens, thereby allowing tumor cells to escape the immune response. However, immune checkpoints also play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, ICIs targeting immune checkpoints can trigger various immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in endocrine organs. Considering the endocrine organs that are frequently involved, irAEs associated endocrinopathies are frequently life-threatening and have unfavorable clinical implications for patients. However, there are very limited data from large clinical trials that would inform the development of clinical guidelines for patients with irAEs associated endocrinopathies. Considering the current clinical situation, in which the scope and scale of the application of ICIs are increasing, position statements from clinical specialists play an essential role in providing the appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experience. As endocrinologists, we would like to present precautions and recommendations for the management of immune-related endocrine disorders, especially those involving the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands caused by ICIs.
Endocrine System Diseases* / therapy, Endocrine System Diseases* / chemically induced, 610, Adrenal glands, Endocrine System Diseases, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pituitary gland, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, endocrine system diseases, Special Article, Neoplasms, Republic of Korea, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, adrenal glands, Thyroid gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, RC648-665, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / adverse effects, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Neoplasms* / drug therapy, Endocrine system diseases
Endocrine System Diseases* / therapy, Endocrine System Diseases* / chemically induced, 610, Adrenal glands, Endocrine System Diseases, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Pituitary gland, immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, endocrine system diseases, Special Article, Neoplasms, Republic of Korea, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, adrenal glands, Thyroid gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, RC648-665, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / adverse effects, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Neoplasms* / drug therapy, Endocrine system diseases
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